Other devices that use magnetism to induce currents include pickup coils in electric guitars, transformers of every size, certain microphones, airport security gates, and damping mechanisms on sensitive chemical balances. The electric generator-found in everything from automobiles to bicycles to nuclear power plants-uses magnetism to generate electric current. “Madam,” he replied, “What good is a baby?” Today, currents induced by magnetic fields are essential to our technological society. When Faraday discovered what is now called Faraday’s law of induction, Queen Victoria asked him what possible use was electricity. The basic process of generating currents with magnetic fields is called induction this process is also called magnetic induction to distinguish it from charging by induction, which uses the electrostatic Coulomb force. In 1831, some 12 years after the discovery that an electric current generates a magnetic field, English scientist Michael Faraday (1791–1862) and American scientist Joseph Henry (1797–1878) independently demonstrated that magnetic fields can produce currents. If nature is symmetrical, then perhaps a magnetic field can create a current. In the preceding section, we learned that a current creates a magnetic field.
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